Difference between revisions of "CrossWire KJV"

Revision as of 09:51, 3 May 2023

This page is a work in progress.

Introduction

The KJV module was one of the earliest to be released and distributed by CrossWire after The SWORD Project was launched. It remains one of the most frequently downloaded modules in all our repositories.

The KJV module text is based substantially on the 1769 Oxford Edition (the basis for all modern editions), not the original 1611 first edition. See our FAQ.

This is the only module maintained by CrossWire volunteers. It is marked up in OSIS XML. All other modules are based on source text from external providers.

Provenance and Acknowledgements

Strong's numbers provide a useful means for looking up the exact original language word in a lexicon that is keyed to Strong's Concordance.

Morphology data provides a means to understand the structure of the original language's morphemes and other linguistic units.

• The Strong's numbers in the OT were obtained from The Bible Foundation
• The Strong's data in the NT was obtained from the KJV2003 Project at CrossWire.

Special thanks to the volunteers at Bible Foundation for keying the Hebrew/English data and of Project KJV2003 for working toward the completion of synchronizing the English phrases to the Stephanus Textus Receptus, and to Dr. Maurice A. Robinson for providing the base Greek text with Strong's and Morphology.

We are also appreciative of formatting markup that was provided by Michael Paul Johnson.

Their time and generosity to contribute such for the free use of the Body of Christ is a great blessing and this derivitive work could not have been possible without these efforts of so many individuals. It is in this spirit that we in turn offer the KJV2003 Project text and its successors freely for any purpose.

We are also appreciative for the feedback reports over the years from several individuals that have enabled us to fix minor text and markup issues by comparison with the reference texts.

Reference Text

The CrossWire KJV is meant to be the faithful e-text edition^[1] of Benjamin Blayney's 1769 Oxford edition of the KJV^[2] (hereafter called 1769 KJV). To that end we required it to be diligently checked against a reference standard for accuracy. Finding a reference text was a daunting task. What is known today as the KJV has been changed on a regular basis since it's first publication to today.^[3] Some of these changes are well known; others are quietly done by publishers.

There also was a need to have a reference for red-letter text. This too varied from one modern KJV to another.

See also User:Dmsmith/KJV_2.6#Reference_text_policy.

Need for a reference text

Ideally, the reference standard would be a faithful electronic copy of 1769 KJV. When CrossWire's KJV2006 Project was started there was no such text either as a facsimile or eText. In lieu of that, finding an acceptable text was needed to arbitrate the claims that "my KJV is right and it is different from what you have."

We compared our text with two independent 1769 KJV eTexts (CCEL and InterLeaf). All of the other eTexts we found seemed to be one of these three. Those comparisons yielded differences that needed to be verified in an independent text. Thus the need for *a* dead tree text. While working on the KJV2006 release, several websites that were dedicated to producing a "true" text were abandoned with chagrin that it is not a doable task apart from having a facsimile of the 1769 KJV, which was not known.

One criteria was finding a text that the KJV-only adherents felt was more accurate 1769 KJV text. Using various listings of differences between current and "true", dozens of dead tree texts in several stores were examined. Also, it was important to avoid copyright claims based upon minor changes in the text. Both combined to come up with the Public Domain Old Scofield Study Bible^[4]. The Biblical text was thought to be one of the most faithful copies of the 1769 Oxford Edition.^[5] It was published in 1917, which was important in terms of USA copyright law. It was also considered to be a faithful red-letter text.

We have obtained a hard copy facsimile of the "Blayney" 1769 KJV text. This will be the reference text going forward.

Need for a reference red-letter text

Red-Letter text is a fairly recent addition to the 1769 KJV. In 1899, Louis Klopsch proposed rendering the words of Christ in red letters. His work was published in 1901. Recently (2016-01-28), we've obtained Louis Klopsch's 1901 edition of the KJV and will use that as the future reference for red-letter text.

Notes:

1. ↑ With added features suited to the digital age we live in.
2. ↑ Excluding the Apocrypha.
3. ↑ Refer to F H A Scrivener and to the New Cambridge Paragraph Bible.
4. ↑ The use of the Scofield in no way implies our endorsement of the extensive non-canonical study notes therein.
5. ↑ i.e. Even by those in the KJV Only movement.

Chosen Texts

The public domain Old Scofield Study Bible was used for version 2.3 to 2.10 for text and for version 2.3 to 2.9 for red-letter markup.

The Louis Klopsch 1901 KJV is used for red-letter markup for 2.10 and later.

The 1769 KJV facsimile is used for text, front-matter, notes, cross-references, titles, .... for versions after 2.11.
The following 4 volumes are print on demand ECCO editions^[1] published by Gale.

• The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments: Volume 1 of 4, ISBN-13: 9781171169826
• The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments: Volume 2 of 4, ISBN-13: 9781171169819
• The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments: Volume 3 of 4, ISBN-13: 9781171169802
• The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, Volume 4 of 4, ISBN-13: 9781171169796
  Translated Out of the Original Greek: And with the Former Translations Diligently Compared and Revised, by His Majesty's Special Command. Appointed to by Read in Churches.

A scanned copy of the 1769 KJV^[2] is also available at http://www.originalbibles.com/1769-king-james-bible-benjamin-blayney/

Notes:

1. ↑ These "high quality" facsimile reprints contain numerous words with dotless letter ı – we must therefore assume that the publisher applied some undeclared clean-up process to the page scans to remove "blemishes" that has had the unfortunate effect of changing dotted i to dotless ı in many words.
2. ↑ Currently this is only for the books Genesis to Jeremiah.

Copyright

Any copyright that might be obtained for this effort is held by the CrossWire Bible Society © 2003-2017 and the CrossWire Bible Society hereby grants a general public license to use this text for any purpose.

CrossWire's KJV module is an amalgamation of different source material. Each has its own copyright or is in the public domain.

• The actual text validated against 2 independent eTexts and found differences against our hard-copy reference for such.
• The Red Letter markup of the words of Christ have been validated against our hard-copy reference for such.
• The Strong's numbers in the OT are from The Bible Foundation.
• The Strong's numbers in the NT are from Dr Maurice A. Robinson, Senior Professor of New Testament and Greek at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in North Carolina.
• The OSIS XML markup is a unique effort that began with our KJV2003 project – Copyright © 2003-2017 The CrossWire Bible Society.
• The tagging of Strong's numbers to the NT text is a unique effort of our KJV2003 project – Copyright © 2003-2017 The CrossWire Bible Society.

Crown copyright, Letters Patent and the KJV

In the United Kingdom, the text of the Authorized King James Version of the Bible is protected by royal prerogative. "There is a small class of materials where the Crown claims the right to control reproduction outside normal copyright law due to Letters Patent issued under the royal prerogative. This material includes the King James Bible, and the Book of Common Prayer." See Crown copyright.

In most of the world, the Authorized Version has passed out of copyright and is freely reproduced. In the United Kingdom, the British Crown restricts production of the Authorized Version per transitional exemptions from the Copyright Act 1775 (which implemented this clause) in the Copyright, Designs and patents Act 1988 (Schedule I, section 13(1)), which expire in 2039. Cambridge University Press^[1], Oxford University Press, HarperCollins and the Queen's Printers have the right to produce the Authorized Version. See King James Bible.

The British & Foreign Bible Society (based in the UK) respects this copyright status, although many American organisations do not respect it and treat it wrongly as if it were public domain. In reality, the many editions of the KJV used in the USA are a revision of the text made by the American Bible Society and the rights for this revision are still held by ABS.

Permission to publish the KJV in England and Wales can be obtained by following the guidance in A Brief Guide to Liturgical Copyright, third edition (RTF file); permission to publish in Scotland requires contacting the Scottish Bible Board. All signatories to the International Copyright Treaty are obliged to recognize each other's copyrights, so, technically speaking, the KJV is copyrighted throughout the world. However, it is unlikely that any prosecution under copyright law would succeed outside the UK.

Note:

1. ↑ Cambridge University Press wrote to Go Bible several years ago, acting as agents of Crown copyright. Their request was simple and straightforward, viz., that we include a clear statement about Crown copyright for the KJV. After we did that, and informed them, they seem to have been satisfied.

Distribution License

Currently the files kjv.conf and kjva.conf contain the following key:

DistributionLicense=General public license for distribution for any purpose

This form of words does not match any of the defined options listed in Copyright & Licensing related elements. We should change this to one of the specified items.

Margin Notes

In a study of the marginal notes in the 1611 KJV, Scrivener^[1] counted:

• 6637 in the OT
• 1018 in the Apocrypha
• 0767 in the NT
• 8422 in total

Of the 767 notes in the NT, 35 are explanatory notes or brief ex­positions, 582 give alternative translations, 112 give a more literal ren­dering of the Greek than the translators judged suitable for the text, and 37 give readings of different manuscripts.

The KJV module (2.10 wip) currently has the following study notes:

• 6959 in the OT of which a few are duplicates on the same "page" for similar verses.^[2]

Literatura Bautista have an article entitled An exhaustive listing of the marginal notes of the 1611 edition of the King James Bible. This is a very useful resource for checking our module and comparing with the 1769 Reference Text. David Haslam has created an Excel worksheet for this purpose. We have identified up to 22 places where an OT note may be missing from the KJV module.

Notes:

1. ↑ Scrivener, F. H. A. ,The Authorized Edition of the English Bible, p. 56.
2. ↑ Performing a sort operation to remove all duplicates reduces the total by 617 to 6342, though some of those removed would not be close to each other before the sort.

Cross references

The KJV module currently lacks any cross-references, apart from one or two that happen to be included in the margin notes. There were extensive cross-references in the 1611 first edition, and the same quantity or more in the 1769 Oxford edition. Whereas margin notes used superscripted numerical tags, the cross-references generally used lowercase letters tags, likewise superscripted and usually in italics.

Road Map

First we must decide how to markup or correct the observed differences between the present text and the Blayney 1769 Oxford edition.^[1]

List briefly the further enhancements we would like to make in the future beyond the next release.

KJV module:

• Add Greek equivalent to Strong's numbers. (3.1)^[2]
• Correct the Cambridge spellings to Oxford spellings in accordance with the Blayney text.^[3]
• Mark all natural numbers with the proposed new number element; with the numerical value recorded in the n attribute.
• Mark all proper names with the name element; with type person, geographic, nonhuman, holiday, ritual, etc.^{[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]}
• Use the foreign element to mark text that was transliterated from (e.g.) Aramaic to Greek in the NT.
• Also tag the Aramaic personal and place names in the NT. See [1].
• Use the inscription element to mark text that reports a written inscription.
• Use the q element to mark all other quotations, making use of a suitable set of who attribute values to identify each speaker.^[13][14]
• Mark the 'salutation text' in the Epistles with the salute element?
• Mark the 'benedictions' in the Epistles with the seg element and type benediction?
• Mark the 'sign off text' in the Epistles with the signed element?
• Mark the closing "Amen." in NT books with the closer element?^[15]
• Mark each 'refrain' in Deut 27:15-25 using the seg element and type refrain?^[16][17][18]
• Mark each 'refrain' in Psalm 136 using the same method.^[19][20]
• Mark the 'canonical colophon' at the end of Job 31:40^[21]
• Mark the 'canonical colophon' in Psalms 72:20^[22]
• Mark the 'canonical colophon' at the end of Habakkuk 3:19^[23]

Further thoughts based upon having the Blayney edition:

• Audit OT notes and make any necessary corrections (e.g. Psalm 119:24,42).
• Check notes text for added words not in italics (e.g. Job 31:35).^[24]
• Move each note element to the start of its "catch word" in the verse (or title) text.^[25]
• Add the special note symbols († ‖ ⁕) from Blayney.^[26]
• Add front-matter: dedicatory and preface, OT intro, NT intro, ....
• Add any end titles. e.g. The End of the /PROPHETS/. (after Malachi).
• Add NT chapter summaries.^[27]
• Add OT chapter summaries.^[27] In Psalms, these occur before the canonical Psalm title.
• Add xrefs and notes to NT.
• Add xrefs to OT.^[28]

Tentative suggestions:

• Add pronunciation help, e.g. for proper names or to avoid ambiguity for text to speech engines.^[29]
• Add column breaks and page breaks.^[30] These would be milestone elements with either type="column" or type="pb".
• Insert a soft hyphen (U+00AD) into every polysyllabic word that might be split at line-wrap when the module font is large relative to screen or window width.^[31]
• Add James Ussher's chronology (found at the top of page margins) as note to chapter starts (probably in first verse or verse 0.)^[32]
• Split KJV into KJV and AV where AV is an orthographic representation of the 1769 KJV.^[33]
  i.e. with letters^[34]: long ſ and ligatures: œ, ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl, ſt, st …

Notes:

Details to be reviewed in the light of proposed new OSIS features.

1. ↑ Particularly what we should do with regard to spelling issues, as noted in David's user page Benjamin Blayney's 1769 KJV.
2. ↑ The next release after version 2.10 will jump straight to 3.1 - missing out 3.0 - as by then, the KJVA module will be made from the same XML file. KJVA is currently version 3.0.1
3. ↑ Analysis is well underway. Consult David for details.
4. ↑ These proposed name types are not yet finalised. See also Talk:OSIS 211 CR#Classifying_names_in_the_Bible.
5. ↑ For name type="person", it would be useful to define a new OSIS attribute sex="male" or sex="female".
6. ↑ Spelling variants could be associated by means of the regular attribute (e.g. Cedron for Kidron).
7. ↑ Consider using type="x-book" for the names of objects such as 'the book of Jasher'. See Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible.
8. ↑ Suggest use type value x-people-group for names such as 'Hittites', and x-people-group-member for the corresponding singular 'Hittite'.
9. ↑ Suggest use type="x-month" and n="1" to n="13" for the names of the months in the Hebrew calendar.
10. ↑ Suggest include subType="x-possessive" or subType="x-plural". Also to make use of the attribute regular where this is appropriate.
11. ↑ Also need to identify several multi-word names in which a good part of the name is not capitalised.
12. ↑ Names within study notes should also be marked with the name element.
13. ↑ Currently the module only uses <q who="Jesus">...</q> to tag the words of Christ.
14. ↑ The level attribute could be added to every quotation to reflect the nesting of quoted speech.
15. ↑ For some books, the closer element might enclose more than the word "Amen." Also, 3 John doesn't end with "Amen."
16. ↑ i.e. "And all the people shall say, Amen."
17. ↑ This would require an addition to our custom OSIS schema.
18. ↑ Poetry line element l permits type="refrain", but the KJV doesn't use poetry lines.
19. ↑ i.e. "for his mercy endureth for ever."
20. ↑ Likewise for a few other similar verses where this wording is found.
21. ↑ i.e. "The words of Job are ended."
22. ↑ i.e. "The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended."
23. ↑ i.e. "To the chief singer on my stringed instruments."
24. ↑ Such words should be wrapped in the transChange element. The SWORD engine will need to support the "italics inversion" rule.
25. ↑ Currently, all the notes are at the end of the verse. An intermediate step would be to move all notes to the start of the verse.
26. ↑ In Blayney, these note symbols are normal case rather than superscript. There is also a space before the symbol as well as after.
27. ↑ ^{27.0 27.1} Marking each verse number therein as a hyperlink to the corresponding verse.
28. ↑ References to DC books should include the attribute editions="KJVA" such that these can be filtered out when making the KJV module without the Apocrypha.
29. ↑ Part-of-speech tagging can also help to distinguish (e.g.) "lives" as a verb from "lives" as a plural noun.
30. ↑ Tying to the dead-tree edition. There were no page numbers in the Blayney 1769 Oxford Edition.
31. ↑ This set would include all words that were printed with a line-end hyphen in the two-column Blayney edition, but need not be restricted to that set.
32. ↑ Some chapters change the year part way through (e.g. Gen.36).
33. ↑ The existing module already uses the letters Æ and æ.
34. ↑ See, e.g. The Rules for Long S by Andrew West, 2006

KJVA module:

KJVA is currently not being rebuilt when KJV is updated. It should be.

• Create the OSIS XML file for just the DC (deuterocanonical) books. Done. David Haslam
• Add the two prologues to Sirach: one "made by an uncertain Author"; the other "of the Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach."
• Add bookGroup title and bookGroup end title.
• Add the global attribute editions="KJVA" to the main bookGroup div element.
• Update the book main titles to match those in 1769 KJV.^[1]
• Remove the title type attribute of the Epistle of Jeremy in Baruch 6.
• Move the main title for EsthAdd to chapter 10 and remove the type attribute.
• Insert a horizontal ellipsis in the 12 empty verses before EsthAdd.10.4^[2]
• Add chapter labels as per 1769 KJV. Use Roman numerals for chapter numbers.
• Minor corrections to 1Esd.1.42, 1Esd.4.6, 1Esd.4.38, 1Esd.6.1, 1Esd.6.17, 2Esd.1.1, 2Esd.6.23, 2Esd.9.17, 2Esd.9.34, Tob.3.7, Tob.3.10, Tob.6.6, Jdt.7.20, Jdt.16.12, Wis.2.22, Wis.8.7, Wis.14.24, Wis.18.24, Sir.8.1, Sir.14.20, Sir.20.32, Sir.31.26, Sir.33.16, Sir.35.2, Sir.45.10, Sir.46.18, Sir.51.20, Bar.3.2, Bar.6.15, Bar.6.72, PrAzar.1.46, PrMan.1.1, 1Macc.2.41, 1Macc.8.16, 1Macc.9.19, 1Macc.10.88, 1Macc.11.9, 1Macc.14.7, 2Macc.4.1, 2Macc.7.39, 2Macc.14.8, 2Macc.10.15, 2Macc.14.14, 2Macc.15.10
• Marked all proper names with the name element, though without any attributes. Bipolar names unified.
• Successfully rebuilt the KJVA module from two XML files (KJV & KJVDC) using the augment flag in osis2mod for the latter.

• Correct the Cambridge spellings to Oxford spellings in accordance with the Blayney text.^[3]
• Audit DC books text and markup. Look especially for added words printed in italics.^[4][5][6]
• Check a printed edition for any Pilcrows and add them if found.^[7]
• Check the DC books in the 1611 KJV for any extra paragraphs without a pilcrow.^[8]
• Add DC study notes. There are none in the existing module!
• Add DC chapter descriptions. Restore pilcrows corresponding to verses tagged therein.^[9]
• Add DC xrefs. cf. Blayney's Bible included DC xrefs in the PC (protocanonical) OT & NT books.
• Mark each 'refrain' in PrAzar.1.35-68 (aka the Benedicite) using the seg element and type refrain?^[10][11]

Notes:

1. ↑ Two books (Susanna & Bel) had text between the title and chapter 1.
2. ↑ This avoids navigation issues in front-ends such as Xiphos.
3. ↑ Analysis is well underway. Consult David for details.
4. ↑ There are only 36 instances in the DC books that use the transChange element.
5. ↑ In the original KJV 1611 words added were printed in smaller Roman type to contrast with the normal text in Gothic type.
6. ↑ Examples: "blessed is" (Wis.3.14); "to take him away," (Wis.4.14); "aright" (Wis.8.8); "the fruit of" (Wis.10.10); "As namely" (Wis.19.7); "Sodomites" (Wis.19.14).
7. ↑ KJV 1611 had Pilcrows in 1Esd.2.8, 3.13, 4.13, 8.22,25; 2Esd.6.11; 1Macc.6.43,48, 9.23
8. ↑ These could be marked as milestone type="x-extra-p".
9. ↑ Verse numbers in these descriptions rarely coincide with a Pilcrow at the start of the verse.
10. ↑ i.e. "praise and exalt him above all for ever"
11. ↑ NB. The final punctuation mark in each line of the Benedicite varies between comma and full-stop.

History

Text Development Stages

From the time the KJV module was first released, text and markup development has been done in several major stages:

• The original KJV2003 Project – user page no longer exists
• The KJV2006 Project
• The KJV2011 Effort
• The KJV 2.6 Effort – begun in 2013 and ongoing...

Module Versions

While the KJV was a module at CrossWire prior to version 2.0, this is the earliest for which dates can be determined.
Dates prior to version 2.3 are best estimates. (For changes in versions 1.x, refer to the file kjv.conf)
The revision from 2.6 onward is a link to the released source (where available).

Note:

1. ↑ The lemma attribute is the one that specifies Strong's numbers. This is merely to be consistent in both testaments.
2. ↑ As a side benefit, update CrossWire's TR module to match.
3. ↑ Excludes details of conf file updates.
4. ↑ I have recently discovered multiple implementation bugs in this change. DFH 2022-07-28.
5. ↑ User:Dmsmith/KJV_2.6#Unmatched catchWord text, 2.11 (if possible)
6. ↑ Not required if we move each note to before its catchWord text.
7. ↑ Albeit "Jehovah–jireh" in Genesis 22:14 and "Jehovah–shalom" in Judges 6:24 are both with title case in Blayney.
8. ↑ This was an out of band release by CrossWire's founder. Source text was to be updated.

Errata

Use this section to record any reported or discovered errors for either KJV or KJVA module.

Textual

KJV

Include any new issues here

KJVA

• Judith 10:1 Now after that she had ceased to cry unto the God of Israel, and bad made an end of all these words.
  The highlighted word should be 'had'. David Haslam (talk)

Strong's numbers

Include any new issues here.

Note:

See also

• Reporting module issues
• Benjamin Blayney's 1769 KJV – David Haslam (talk)'s user page
• KJV 1611

Hebrew calendar

KJV words include the names of the months in the Hebrew calendar.

Biblical lists

This might be useful. There are other similar lists in the same category.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biblical_names
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biblical_places
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_in_the_Bible
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_in_the_Bible
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_precious_stones_in_the_Bible
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women_in_the_Bible
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_biblical_figures
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_biblical_figures,_A%E2%80%93K
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_biblical_figures,_L%E2%80%93Z

Notes:

1. The OSIS User Manual has no defined markup for animals, plants and precious stones.
   
2. For names and places, the name element with type="person" or "geographic" is already defined.
3. The other defined name type attribute values are "holiday", "nonhuman", "ritual".
4. These need to be extended. See Talk:OSIS 211 CR#Classifying_names_in_the_Bible.

External links

• The holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments: Translated out of The Original Tongues: And with the Former Translations Diligently Compared and Revised : By His Majesty's Special Command. Appointed to be read in Churches. – Benjamin Blayney 1769 Oxford Edition available as eBook via OCLC WorldCat, can be ordered from participating libraries.
• Origin of Red-Letter Bibles – CrossWay blog, March 23, 2006. Somewhat more informative than the Wikipedia page.
• Fenwick, George (1759), Thoughts on the Hebrew titles of the Psalms : and on some of those in the Septuagint, endeavouring to discover the meaning, and point out the use of them
• Benjamin Blayney, T. Wright and W. Gill; and sold by R. Baldwin, and S. Crowder, London; and by W. Jackson, in Oxford, 1769 – Google books digitisation (only Gen-Exod to date; accessed 2016-02-09).
• An 1872 edition of the KJV – Google books
• Differences Between The Cambridge and Oxford King James Bibles – now on Internet Archive only (retrieved 2017-03-13).
• The New Cambridge Paragraph Bible
• A Textual History of the King James Bible – David Norton (2005)
• New Testament Names: a Semantic Knowledge Base
• Complete Bible Genealogy - Jesus family tree - Kings of Judah and Israel
• In search of the King James Version
• Bible (King James) – on WikiSource – Information about this edition^[1]

Note:

1. ↑ Benjamin Blayney, ed., Holy Bible: Standard Text, Oxford University Press, 1769. Printed by T. Wright and W. Gill, printers to the University.